ATmega328P Microcontroller

• Manufacturer: Microchip Technology


• Architecture: 8-bit AVR RISC


• Clock Speed: 16 MHz


• Flash Memory: 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used by the bootloader)


• SRAM: 2 KB


• EEPROM: 1 KB


• Operating Voltage: 5V


• GPIO Pins: 23 (14 Digital I/O, 6 Analog Input, 3 PWM-capable)


• Communication Interfaces:
  
  
  
  • UART (Serial Communication)
  
  
  • I2C (TWI)
  
  
  • SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
  
  
  
  

2. Arduino Uno Board

• Power Supply:
  
  
  
  • USB (5V)
  
  
  • External Power (7-12V recommended)
  
  
  
  


• Voltage Regulator: Onboard 5V and 3.3V regulators


• Built-in LED: On Pin 13


• Reset Button: Available for restarting the program


• USB-to-Serial Converter: Uses ATmega16U2 (older versions used FTDI chip)


• Programming Interface: Uses Arduino IDE with a bootloader pre-installed on ATmega328P

3. Features & Uses

• Ease of Use: Beginner-friendly, requires minimal hardware setup.


• Programming Language: Uses a simplified version of C++ (Arduino IDE).


• Interfacing Options: Supports sensors, motors, LCDs, and other modules.


• Common Applications:
  
  
  
  • Robotics
  
  
  • Home automation
  
  
  • IoT (Internet of Things)
  
  
  • Wearable technology
  
  
  • Educational projects